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Ignacio
& the Southern Ute Tribe
The
Southern Ute Tribal council governs its 750,000-acre reservation
from Ignacio, which also has a strong Hispanic population
and history, as well as tribal past. Historically, the Utes
roamed throughout Colorado, Utah and New Mexico in a hunter-gatherer
society. As a result of the formation of bands in the historic
period, there were several distinct Ute subdivisions in Colorado.
The White River Utes ranged across Northern Colorado, the
Tabeguache or Uncompahgre across the central mountains of
Colorado, including the area of South Park, the Gunnison and
Uncompahgre Valleys.
The Southern Ute bands were the Muache, Capote and Weeminuche.
The Muache lived in the mountains of the Colorado Front Range.
The Capote occupied the area between the Sangre De Cristo
Mountains on the east and west side of the continental divide.
The Weeminuche were located west of the Continental Divide
and north of the San Juan River, which generally marked their
boundaries with the Navajos. Their normal territory extended
westward to the Blue Mountains and Canyonlands of southeastern
Utah.
In
the last half of the 1800s the land base of the Ute peoples
was continually decreased by intrusion from Anglo-American
culture. Through a series of treaties with the U.S. Government
(1849, 1855, 1863, 1868, 1873) the traditional land base continued
to shrink. During the 1870s Colorado continued to seek further
reductions to the Ute Reservation, and the 1879 Meeker Massacre,
which involved the White River Utes, provided the opportunity
to remove both the White River and Tabeguache Utes to Utah.
Efforts were made in 1880 to restrict the Southern Ute bands
(the Muache, Capote and Weminuche) to a small area in the
La Plata Valley.
In
1887 Congress passed the General Allotment Act (Dawes Act),
which provided for the allotment of 160 acres to adult male
Indians. It was believed that land ownership would accelerate
the process of "civilizing" the Indians. The subsequent
Act of 1895 provided that the Southern Utes should vote on
the issue of land allotment. A slim majority decided the issue
and by 1896 approximately 73,000 acres had been allotted to
371 Utes. As a result of the 1895 Act, the reservation was
broken into two distinct units. Most of the Muache and Capote
Utes accepted allotments in the eastern portion, which became
known as the Southern Ute Reservation. The Weeminuche Utes,
led by Chief Ignacio, refused to accept allotment and moved
to the western portion, which became known as the Ute Mountain
Ute Reservation with agency headquarters at Navajo Springs,
then later at Towaoc.
(Source : http://www.scan.org/scanfram/demog.htm#tribes)
Ignacio
Community Website
Southern
Ute Tribe Website
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